So, the butcher Suharto is dead. Few
will mourn the monster.
Today’s Independent on Sunday
carries a lengthy obituary of the man and cannot avoid discussing the
horror he wrought after his takeover in 1965:
Suharto then oversaw a nationwide
purge of suspected communists and trade unionists, a campaign that
stood as the region's bloodiest event since World War II until the
Khmer Rouge established its gruesome regime in Cambodia a decade
later. Experts put the number of deaths during the purge at between
500,000 and 1 million.
It’s a brutal legacy from which
the Independent omits the more pertinent truth: the close involvement
of the British Labour Government, under Harold Wilson and the US
Democratic Administration under Lyndon Johnson. As the Foreign Office
said in a statement to its embassy in Jakarta in October 1965:
It seems pretty clear that the
Generals are going to need all the help they can get and accept
without being tagged as hopelessly pro-Western, if they are going to
be able to gain ascendancy over the Communists. In the short run, and
while the present confusion continues, we can hardly go wrong by
tacitly backing the Generals.
Sir Andrew Gilchrist, the British
Ambassador in Jakarta, had put this matter a little more succinctly
only a few days earlier, when he remarked to the F.O. that “I have never concealed from
you my belief that a little shooting in Indonesia would be an
essential preliminary to effective change”. It was considerably
more than “a little shooting” for which the British offered their
tacit support – as they well knew. In December 1965, a British official reported to the Ambassador that he was “readier to accept”
American statistics that over 100,000 had been butchered, after
receiving “horrifying” details of the purges. Such details
recorded by the F. O. included,
[Some victims being] given a knife
and invited to kill themselves. Most refuse and are told to turn
around and are shot in the back.
A woman of 78... was taken away one
night by a village execution squad... Half a dozen heads were neatly
arranged on the parapet of a small bridge.
As the British consul in Medan
summarized events,
Posing as saviours of the nation
from a Communist terror, [the army] unleashed a ruthless terror of
their own, the scars of which will take many years to heal.
Another memo referred to the purges
as “an operation carried out on a very large scale and often with
appalling savagery.”
What I must stress is that this was
all done with clear UK (and US) knowledge and encouragement. All the
quotations above are taken from official UK Government memoranda,
published by the Public Records Office and related in Chapter 19 of
Mark Curtis’ excellent “Web of Deceit”. We learn further from
these documents that the British Government was keen not to
“distract” the Indonesian army from its slaughter and that it
assured Suharto that they had no intention of interfering. The UK also launched black propaganda operations from its MI6 base in Singapore, designed to lead people to believe that China was arming the PKI opposition and so "blacken [them] in the eyes of the army and the people of Indonesia". Indeed,
Britain knew that it could stop, or at the very least seriously
impede, the slaughter because it was engaged in a military
confrontation with Indonesia in nearby Borneo -but they stressed to
Suharto that, were he to divert troops from that stand-off to take
part in the butchery, the UK would not take “military advantage”.
British callousness to the brutal mass murder of “bewildered
peasants” was truly awesome, with one official noting of one group of 10,005
arrestees that, “I hope they do not throw the 10,005 into the
sea..., otherwise it will cause quite a shipping hazard.”
This is just a small sample of the
record -directly concerning UK complicity in the most gruesome
atrocities, all carried out under the pretence (and it was a
pretence: the real 'threat' was left-wing nationalism endangering Western business interests) of combating Communism. For instance, I have not touched on
our support for Suharto’s genocidal invasion of East Timor. Yet
even this brief survey of complicity is lost beneath gallons of
Independent whitewash. "Disgraced and villified" reads the headline but that's Suharto, not us. Suharto is dead. So is history.